Problem 39 · How Far East Can the Mandelbrot Set Go?Print one blank worksheet now, download its PDF, or prepare a family or classroom packet.
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How Far East Can the Mandelbrot Set Go?

Complete to collectThe Mandelbrot MarquiseUnique Jewel · 6 Glints

Let be the Mandelbrot set: the complex values for which the orbit , stays bounded. If any , the orbit escapes.

Write . Its horizontal coordinate is . Let be the greatest real part of any point in . Your goal is to build a rigorous lower and upper bound for .

A computed Mandelbrot set on the complex plane. A gold point marks a certified member, and a dashed vertical wall marks a line beyond which the proof will exclude every parameter.
One point in gives a floor. One whole region out gives a ceiling.

A safe disk will control infinitely many iterates.

  1. Create a point to test. Let

    Compute and . Then record .

  2. Trap its orbit. Let be the disk .

    1. Since , prove .
    2. Use to factor:
    3. Assume . Prove , then use your factorization to prove .

    Explain why the orbit stays in , why , and what lower bound this proves for .

Now work with every at once.

  1. Build an eastern wall. The second iterate is . Expand its real and imaginary parts, then verify

    Every omitted term on the right is nonnegative. Explain why forces . What upper bound does this prove for ?

  2. Close the cage. Combine your two certificates into one inequality for . Then explain the different logical jobs:

    • Why is one bounded parameter enough for the lower bound?
    • Why must the upper-bound proof exclude every parameter beyond the wall?

At a glance

About this problem

These tags show what the problem is about and the math you’ll use. Choose one to find similar problems.

Skills

Helpful first

Grade

Math area

Topics

Is this a good fit?

Before you choose this problem

A plain-language look at readiness, thinking, time, and the expected response.

Math readiness

Designed for Grade 11 · Grade 12

Uses HS A2 math.

Thinking

Stretch challenge

A nontrivial plan using familiar mathematical ideas.

Time & response

About 20–44 minutes

Heavy amount of written work · Proof response.

How to support: This is the capstone of the Edge of Escape path. The page supplies the complex-distance facts students need; ask how one bounded point gives a lower bound and how excluding a whole half-plane gives an upper bound.

Worksheet arc · Capstone · 5 of 5 on Complete arc

Edge of Escape

Reunite complex arithmetic and invariant-region proof to cage the full set’s easternmost point.

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Technical reference

Rating, skills & curriculum

Designed for Grade 11 · Grade 12 · Uses HS A2 math · About 20–44 minutes

Grade 11 · Grade 12 · Number and quantity · Algebraic structure and equations · Complex numbers and vectors · Expressions and symbolic structure

MJ HS:A2.3 · C3 · W3

Precise MJD coordinates, factor scores, skill weights, calibration evidence, and curriculum crosswalks. This reference is available to everyone and is intentionally last.

Content level

MJ HS:A2.3

High school

HS A2 · point 3

Likely range
MJ HS:A2.2–HS:A2.5
Confidence
78%

Challenge

C3 · Stretch

A nontrivial plan using familiar mathematical ideas.

  • Method selection2
  • Reasoning depth3
  • Novelty3
  • Constraint management3
  • Proof or justification3

Workload

W3 · Heavy

Sustained mathematical work and a substantial written response.

Active time
20–44 minutes · typically 30
Response
Proof
Known-method steps
27
  • Mechanical execution3
  • Written output3
  • Representation production2
  • Bookkeeping2

Learning focus

Skills this problem practices

What a successful response demonstrates, with each skill’s share of the content rating.

  • Perform arithmetic with complex numbers

    The learner can perform arithmetic with complex numbers. This capability is distinct from mere exposure to or isolated use of real numbers; square roots.

    • Independent mastery
    • 60% focus
    • MJ HS:A2.3 milestone
  • Rewrite expressions to reveal zeros, extrema, growth, or other features

    The learner can rewrite expressions to reveal zeros, extrema, growth, or other features. This capability is distinct from mere exposure to or isolated use of factoring; completing square.

    • Developing mastery
    • 40% focus
    • MJ HS:A1.6 milestone

Readiness

Helpful prerequisites

Skills the rating assumes are already available to the learner.

  • Define and analyze simple recursive processes and recurrence relations

    The learner can define and analyze simple recursive processes and recurrence relations. This capability is distinct from mere exposure to or isolated use of sequences; functions.

    • Developing readiness
    • Required
    • MJ HS:DISC.4 milestone
  • Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials

    The learner can add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. This capability is distinct from mere exposure to or isolated use of distributive property; exponent laws.

    • Independent readiness
    • Required
    • MJ HS:A1.6 milestone
  • Write and graph one-variable inequalities such as x>c

    The learner can write and graph one-variable inequalities such as x>c. This capability is distinct from mere exposure to or isolated use of number line; comparison.

    • Independent readiness
    • Required
    • MJ 6.7 milestone

External alignment

Curriculum and standards crosswalks

Approved evidence-backed locations that support discovery. They do not define the MathJewels rating.

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics2010 · 2 locations
Clusters2 locations · Representative: Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.